| We recommend always buying a kiln that is specified for a higher
temperature than you plan to fire.
If you plan to do only low fire
(Cone 1 and below), this usually isn't an issue. But if you plan
to fire at Cone 6, we recommend buying a Cone 8 or 10 kiln.
If you really want to fire Cone 10 in an electric kiln, we recommend
a TRUE Cone 10 kiln. Examples are the Paragon Viking and
Dragon Kilns, the Skutt PK kilns, ConeArt Kilns, etc (more complete list
below). These kilns have more power for their size.
But
remember that means you need more power going to the kiln, (more amps),
which not everyone has. For example, instead of a 60 amp breaker
you will need a 70 or 80 amp breaker.
One good way to
compare different kilns is to compare their watts per cubic feet.
If two kilns have the same interior space, the one with higher watts
(voltage times current) will get hotter faster. 3" brick (rather than 2.5")
also helps the kiln reach hotter temperatures, and is available on most kilns.
Traditionally the problem has been that a kiln is spec'd at best
case. If the voltage on your line is very good (normal to high)
and the elements are brand new, you can reach that
temperature.
 | But soon the elements will start to degrade and you won't be able
to reach that maximum temperature. |
 | Or your line voltage may vary. Your voltage may be affected
by how far you are from your breaker box. Sometimes during
peak loads, such as mid-day in summer when everyone is running their
air conditioning, the voltage levels on the line are low. Some
power companies are reducing voltages on purpose to help with the
power crunch. |
 | Some kiln models are really pushing the limit to achieve a certain
temperature, while others can achieve it without any problem and
have power to spare. Of course, there usually are tradeoffs
involved in designing a kiln. There is only so much power you
can get from a 120v line, so your temperature is limited. At
the larger sizes, to get maximum power the kiln has to be direct wired
rather than have a plug, and some people insist on a plug. |
 | Take for example, the Paragon TnF24-3 which is Cone 10 and 48
amps, and Paragon Viking 24 which is the same kiln but has 60
amps. Obviously you're going to be able to fire the Viking
more times before having to replace your elements. |
These are all reasons why your kiln might not be able to reach the
temperature you thought it would.
Not all manufacturers and retailers will tell you this. But we
want you to be happy with your kiln. When I bought my kiln I was
told it would fire to Cone 10 repeatedly with no problems, and I since
learned that wasn't true. I think when you purchase a kiln, you
should do so knowing the truth.
So this is why we HIGHLY recommend that you always buy a kiln capable
of firing higher than you intend to fire.
On the other hand, you shouldn't take this too far, or you
will spend more than you have to. Less than 5% of people with
electric kilns actually fire them to Cone 10. Most people fire
Cone 6 maximum in an electric kiln, because Cone 10 is a lot harder on
elements and uses more power, and there is no reason do do it since you
can get good Cone 5/6 stoneware and porcelain clay and there are tons of
glazes available for Cone 5/6.
Excellent Cone 10 Kilns for consistent Cone 10 firings:
Paragon Dragon,
Super
Dragon, Viking
24, Viking
28, and Iguana kilns
Skutt PK Kilns
L&L DaVinci Kilns, EQ
kilns, some other models
Olympic Front Load Production Kilns
Most ConeArt Kilns
Many Olympic H Model Kilns
Many smaller and medium sized kilns with 3" brick
This is not an exhaustive list, but a good place to start
The number one reason people fire do Cone 10 in an electric kiln is
to do crystalline glazes. If that applies to you, in addition to
more power you may want APM elements (which are available for many
kilns), and should look at the L&L
Crystalline kilns.
|
Cone Temperature Chart (for those
of you who are now wondering what Cone means!)
Kilns are not fired just to a temperature. They are fired to a
"cone" level, which accounts for time as well as temperature.
Think of it as heat absorption rather than just temperature.
Cone's come in different numbers, each of which corresponds to a heating rate
/ temperature combination which will make that cone deform. At the
beginning of the firing the cone is standing at an 8 degree angle. A
perfectly fire cone will be best to a 90 degree angle. If the cone is bent
less, the kiln was under fired. If the cone is bent more, the kiln was over fired.
Notice the way the cones are numbered. The hottest is 10, going
downward to 1. Then as it continues to getting cooler it continues at 01,
02, etc. So there is a BIG difference between cone 5 and cone 05!
|
| Cone number |
Orton Cones
Final temp in degrees F at ramp rate of 27 degrees F/hr |
Orton Cones
Final temp in degrees F at ramp rate of 108 degrees F/hr |
Orton Cones
Final temp in degrees F at ramp rate of 270 degrees F/hr |
In standard firing,
cones of the right number are placed around the kiln and are
watched. When the cones fall the kiln is turned off. This
works the same for gas and electric kilns.
Automatic electric kilns such as the Skutt Kilnmaster series have a
thermocouple which continuously measures the temperature, records it
over time, and shuts off when the appropriate heat absorption has been
met. So if the ramping temperature is fast, the kiln will go to a
higher temperature before it turns off than if the ramping temperature
is slow (thus allowing the clay to absorb more heat along the
way.) The final temperature is most affected by the rate of
temperature increase over the last 300 to 400 degrees of firing.
Think of the 0 in a cone number as meaning "minus".
So 06 is much cooler than 6 because it is like a "minus 6".
|
| 10 |
2284 |
2345 |
2381 |
| 9 |
2235 |
2300 |
2336 |
| 8 |
2212 |
2273 |
2320 |
| 7 |
2194 |
2262 |
2295 |
| 6 |
2165 |
2232 |
2269 |
| 5 |
2118 |
2167 |
2205 |
| 4 |
2086 |
2142 |
2161 |
| 3 |
2039 |
2106 |
2138 |
| 2 |
2034 |
2088 |
2127 |
| 1 |
2028 |
2079 |
2109 |
| 01 |
1999 |
2046 |
2080 |
| 02 |
1972 |
2016 |
2052 |
| 03 |
1960 |
1987 |
2019 |
| 04 |
1915 |
1945 |
1971 |
| 05 |
1870 |
1888 |
1911 |
| 06 |
1798 |
1828 |
1855 |
| 07 |
1764 |
1789 |
1809 |
| 08 |
1692 |
1728 |
1753 |
| 09 |
1665 |
1688 |
1706 |
| 010 |
1636 |
1657 |
1679 |
| 011 |
1575 |
1607 |
1641 |
| 012 |
1549 |
1582 |
1620 |
| 013 |
1485 |
1539 |
1582 |
| 014 |
1395 |
1485 |
1540 |
| 015 |
1382 |
1456 |
1504 |
| 016 |
1368 |
1422 |
1465 |
| 017 |
1301 |
1360 |
1405 |
| 018 |
1267 |
1252 |
1283 |
| 019 |
1213 |
1252 |
1283 |
| 020 |
|
1159 |
1180 |
| 021 |
|
1112 |
1143 |
| 022 |
|
1087 |
1094 |
|